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The twenty imports Finland is best placed to replace.

Finland imported USD 55bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 63bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well, with how concentrated the supply of each is.

USD 3.1bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
70products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
935products Finland already exports well
1,216public purchases of goods joined to a product family, from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU)
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Finland already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Finland would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition carries public buyers from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU), 6,525 award notices from 2025-11-03 to 2026-11-02, joined to each product's customs heading through a crosswalk we authored. The buyers are shown as context and do not change the score, because award values in these records include framework ceilings and outliers that would distort it. The regional layer (where the capability sits) is built only where a country publishes regional trade by product, and Finland does not publish it in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Acyclic hydrocarbons: saturatedHS 290110

    Comes fromUnited States 99%, 24 source countries
    Nearest export strengthRadioactive elements: actinium-225, 227, californium-253... (exports USD 558k)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 16m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 240m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 49 per cent (1); United States supplies 99 per cent (2).

    USD 240mdown 27% on 2022
  2. 2

    Aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)HS 760612

    Comes fromGermany 47%, 40 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 21m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 19m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 155m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 38 per cent (1); Germany supplies 47 per cent (1).

    USD 155mdown 24% on 2022
  3. 3

    Valves: for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissionsHS 848120

    Comes fromGermany 42%, 58 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTaps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler... (exports USD 279m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 41m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 150m
    Public buyers in the family1 award from 1 buyer. Most frequent: Koulutuskuntayhtymä Brahe

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 133m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 30 per cent (1); Germany supplies 42 per cent (1).

    USD 133mdown 20% on 2022
  4. 4

    Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with other transmission components, and...HS 870850

    Comes fromGermany 52%, 57 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 22m; 12 more lines in the heading, USD 1.1bn
    Public buyers in the family2 awards from 2 buyers. Most frequent: Sansia Oy

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 102m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Germany supplies 52 per cent (1).

    USD 102mdown 46% on 2022
  5. 5

    Products n.e.c. in heading 2404, intended for the intake of nicotine into the human body, for oral applicationHS 240491

    Comes fromSweden 43%, 19 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 76m, top 13 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 16 per cent (2); Sweden supplies 43 per cent (1).

    USD 76mup 173% on 2022
  6. 6

    Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder...HS 840734

    Comes fromGermany 96%, 28 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 774k; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 60m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 74m, top 14 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 29 per cent (1); Germany supplies 96 per cent (2).

    USD 74mdown 8% on 2022
  7. 7

    Undenatured ethyl alcohol: of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80% vol. or higherHS 220710

    Comes fromNetherlands 84%, 10 source countries
    Nearest export strengthSugar confectionery: (excluding chewing gum, including white... (exports USD 61m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 43m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 49m, top 23 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1); Netherlands supplies 84 per cent (2).

    USD 49mup 368% on 2022
  8. 8

    Tungsten (wolfram): waste and scrapHS 810197

    Comes fromGermany 60%, 8 source countries
    Nearest export strengthChain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel (exports USD 16m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 839k
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 45m, top 25 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1); Germany supplies 60 per cent (2).

    USD 45mdown 13% on 2022
  9. 9

    Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor...HS 870350

    Comes fromSweden 63%, 13 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading... (exports USD 414m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 1.8bn
    Public buyers in the family259 awards from 60 buyers. Most frequent: Puolustusvoimat

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 29m, top 42 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2); Sweden supplies 63 per cent (2).

    USD 29mdown 44% on 2022
  10. 10

    Cement, concrete or artificial stone: prefabricated structural components for building or civil engineering, whether...HS 681091

    Comes fromEstonia 85%, 19 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 7m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 12m
    Public buyers in the family31 awards from 17 buyers. Most frequent: Pohjois-Karjalan hankintatoimi

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 24m, top 50 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 21 per cent (2); Estonia supplies 85 per cent (2).

    USD 24mdown 47% on 2022
  11. 11

    Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: immunological products, put up in...HS 300215

    Comes fromSwitzerland 30%, 34 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 33m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 113m
    Public buyers in the family9 awards from 3 buyers. Most frequent: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 492m, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 27 per cent (1).

    USD 492mup 37% on 2022
  12. 12

    Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty...HS 190590

    Comes fromSweden 24%, 71 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 36m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 69m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 303m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 40 per cent (1).

    USD 303mup 11% on 2022
  13. 13

    Plastics: other articles n.e.c. in chapter 39HS 392690

    Comes fromGermany 24%, 98 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 183m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 15m
    Public buyers in the family11 awards from 9 buyers. Most frequent: Sansia Oy

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 292m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 33 per cent (1).

    USD 292mdown 10% on 2022
  14. 14

    Food preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10HS 210690

    Comes fromSweden 23%, 87 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 85m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 11m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 236m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1).

    USD 236mup 13% on 2022
  15. 15

    Electrical apparatus: parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading no. 8535, 8536 or 8537HS 853890

    Comes fromGermany 20%, 73 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: parts of the machinery of heading no. 8428, (other than... (exports USD 110m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 121m
    Public buyers in the family4 awards from 4 buyers. Most frequent: Helsingin Joukkoliikenneinfra Oy

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 176m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1).

    USD 176mdown 10% on 2022
  16. 16

    Dog or cat food: put up for retail sale, used in animal feedingHS 230910

    Comes fromPoland 17%, 43 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 34m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 123m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 175m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 35 per cent (1).

    USD 175mdown 3% on 2022
  17. 17

    Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments...HS 330499

    Comes fromSweden 21%, 107 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPaints and varnishes: (including enamels, lacquers and distempers)... (exports USD 6m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 49m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 55m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 163m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 36 per cent (1).

    USD 163mup 15% on 2022
  18. 18

    Washing and cleaning preparations: powders, flakes and granules, surface-active, whether or not containing soap...HS 340250

    Comes fromDenmark 19%, 61 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 13m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 48m
    Public buyers in the family13 awards from 8 buyers. Most frequent: Servica Oy

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 108m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 108mup 15% on 2022
  19. 19

    Pumps and compressors: for air, vacuum or gas, n.e.c. in heading no. 8414HS 841480

    Comes fromGermany 18%, 50 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTaps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler... (exports USD 279m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 71m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 104m
    Public buyers in the family6 awards from 5 buyers. Most frequent: Lappeenrannan kaupunki, Hankintapalvelut

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 105m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1).

    USD 105mup 9% on 2022
  20. 20

    Machinery: for filtering or purifying gases, other than intake air filters, catalytic converters or particulate...HS 842139

    Comes fromGermany 27%, 67 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: parts for filtering or purifying liquids or gases (exports USD 111m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 49m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 33m
    Public buyers in the family5 awards from 3 buyers. Most frequent: HUS-yhtymä

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 99m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 31 per cent (1).

    USD 99mdown 9% on 2022

The bill and its path, the sources and their unit values, who exports the line well, the nearest strengths, the public buyers where a country publishes them, and the method. We reply by email. Privacy

One line per customs heading. Products Finland already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and... imports USD 951m, exports USD 268m, top source Sweden 31%
  • Electric accumulators: lithium-ion, including separators, whether or not... imports USD 1.2bn, exports USD 792m, top source China 79%
  • Engines: parts, for engines and motors of heading no. 8412 imports USD 416m, exports USD 43m, top source China 31%
  • Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308 imports USD 588m, exports USD 309m, top source Vietnam 27%
  • Chemical products: tall oil, whether or not refined imports USD 176m, exports USD 31m, top source United States 72%
  • Iron or steel: articles n.e.c. in heading 7326 imports USD 355m, exports USD 244m, top source Germany 20%
  • Sugar confectionery: (excluding chewing gum, including white chocolate), not... imports USD 137m, exports USD 61m, top source Sweden 24%
  • Machinery: parts of the machinery of heading no. 8427 imports USD 112m, exports USD 36m, top source Estonia 48%
  • Machinery parts: not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coils... imports USD 108m, exports USD 41m, top source Germany 69%
  • Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors: parts thereof imports USD 189m, exports USD 147m, top source China 39%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 983 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Public buyers, context only, never scored: 6,525 award notices from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU), 2025-11-03 to 2026-11-02, of which 2,026 were classified by the buyer as goods and 1,216 joined to a product family through a crosswalk we authored, because no official one exists. Only notices whose code names a specific product group are joined; broad division codes are left out. The join is a family, not an exact line, and the counts are a floor.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-03. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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