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The twenty imports Peru is best placed to replace.

Peru imported USD 39bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 8.8bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well, with how concentrated the supply of each is.

USD 3.4bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
241products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
395products Peru already exports well
733product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Peru already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Peru would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Peru does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, urea, whether or not in aqueous solutionHS 310210

    Comes fromRussia 68%, 23 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 137k; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 291m
    Countries that export it well27

    Score 8 of 8: import bill USD 170m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 7 per cent (3); Russia supplies 68 per cent (2).

    USD 170mdown 37% on 2022
  2. 2

    Poly(ethylene terephthalate): in primary forms, having a viscosity of 78ml/g or higherHS 390761

    Comes fromChina 98%, 17 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPlastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive)... (exports USD 45m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 32m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 116m
    Countries that export it well21

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 167m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 17 per cent (2); China supplies 98 per cent (2).

    USD 167mdown 43% on 2022
  3. 3

    Footwear: (other than sportswear), with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materialsHS 640419

    Comes fromChina 72%, 45 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 74m
    Countries that export it well24

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 152m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2); China supplies 72 per cent (2).

    USD 152mdown 27% on 2022
  4. 4

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)HS 310530

    Comes fromChina 40%, 10 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFertilizers, mineral or chemical: phosphatic, n.e.c. in heading no.... (exports USD 14m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 6m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 163m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 114m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 6 per cent (3); China supplies 40 per cent (1).

    USD 114mup 28% on 2022
  5. 5

    Ethyl alcohol and other spirits: denatured, of any strengthHS 220720

    Comes fromUnited States 100%, 9 source countries
    Nearest export strengthUndenatured ethyl alcohol: of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80%... (exports USD 90m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded
    Countries that export it well14

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 113m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2); United States supplies 100 per cent (2).

    USD 113mdown 7% on 2022
  6. 6

    Wood pulp: chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), semi-bleached or bleached, of...HS 470329

    Comes fromBrazil 72%, 7 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this linenone recorded; 1 more line in the heading, USD 22m
    Countries that export it well11

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 107m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 18 per cent (2); Brazil supplies 72 per cent (2).

    USD 107mup 51% on 2022
  7. 7

    Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308HS 730890

    Comes fromChina 66%, 48 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at the... (exports USD 4m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 16m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 59m
    Countries that export it well33

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 104m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 22 per cent (2); China supplies 66 per cent (2).

    USD 104mup 6% on 2022
  8. 8

    Hair preparations: shampoosHS 330510

    Comes fromMexico 63%, 33 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 9m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 64m
    Countries that export it well33

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 102m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 17 per cent (2); Mexico supplies 63 per cent (2).

    USD 102mup 12% on 2022
  9. 9

    Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular...HS 730661

    Comes fromChina 98%, 12 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or... (exports USD 94m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 5m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 46m
    Countries that export it well40

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 84m, top 11 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 6 per cent (3); China supplies 98 per cent (2).

    USD 84mup 10% on 2022
  10. 10

    Cotton yarn: (not sewing thread), single, of combed fibres, 85% or more by weight of cotton, less than 232.56 but not...HS 520523

    Comes fromIndia 91%, 10 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFabrics: knitted or crocheted fabrics, other than those of headings... (exports USD 11m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 72m
    Countries that export it well18

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 81m, top 11 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 3 per cent (3); India supplies 91 per cent (2).

    USD 81mdown 6% on 2022
  11. 11

    Soap and organic surface-active products: in the form of bars, cakes, moulded shapes, and paper, wadding, felt and...HS 340111

    Comes fromColombia 67%, 29 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 3m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 57m
    Countries that export it well39

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 55m, top 20 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 5 per cent (3); Colombia supplies 67 per cent (2).

    USD 55mup 67% on 2022
  12. 12

    Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: of man-made fibres, knitted or crochetedHS 611030

    Comes fromChina 74%, 70 source countries
    Nearest export strengthT-shirts, singlets and other vests: of cotton, knitted or crocheted (exports USD 415m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 29m
    Countries that export it well32

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 47m, top 23 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 3 per cent (3); China supplies 74 per cent (2).

    USD 47mdown 27% on 2022
  13. 13

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of...HS 870421

    Comes fromArgentina 60%, 15 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 108k; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 958m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 544m, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 35 per cent (1); Argentina supplies 60 per cent (2).

    USD 544mdown 16% on 2022
  14. 14

    Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording...HS 852872

    Comes fromChina 61%, 29 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 673k; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 106m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 343m, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 39 per cent (1); China supplies 61 per cent (2).

    USD 343mdown 23% on 2022
  15. 15

    Propylene, other olefin polymers: polypropylene in primary formsHS 390210

    Comes fromChina 45%, 31 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 5m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 95m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 279m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2); China supplies 45 per cent (1).

    USD 279mdown 17% on 2022
  16. 16

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6402, (other than just covering the ankle), with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...HS 640299

    Comes fromChina 56%, 47 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 54m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 277m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 16 per cent (2); China supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 277mup 44% on 2022
  17. 17

    Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on buses or lorriesHS 401120

    Comes fromChina 77%, 38 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 5m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 426m
    Countries that export it well18

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 221m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1); China supplies 77 per cent (2).

    USD 221mup 5% on 2022
  18. 18

    Biodiesel and mixtures thereof: not containing or containing less than 70% by weight of petroleum oils or oils...HS 382600

    Comes fromChina 62%, 5 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 893k
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 141m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1); China supplies 62 per cent (2).

    USD 141mdown 17% on 2022
  19. 19

    Washing and cleaning preparations: powders, flakes and granules, surface-active, whether or not containing soap...HS 340250

    Comes fromChina 50%, 44 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 36m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 66m
    Countries that export it well39

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 134m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 13 per cent (2); China supplies 50 per cent (1).

    USD 134mup 41% on 2022
  20. 20

    Insecticides: other than containing goods specified in Subheading Notes 1 & 2 to this Chapter: put up in forms or...HS 380891

    Comes fromChina 54%, 34 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 8m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 185m
    Countries that export it well29

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 125m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Peru's export strengths in the top 19 per cent (2); China supplies 54 per cent (1).

    USD 125mdown 1% on 2022

The bill and its path, the sources and their unit values, who exports the line well, the nearest strengths, the public buyers where a country publishes them, and the method. We reply by email. Privacy

One line per customs heading. Products Peru already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Machines, for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing etc mineral... imports USD 210m, exports USD 55m, top source Chile 25%
  • Cyanides and cyanide oxides: of sodium imports USD 146m, exports USD 5m, top source China 32%
  • Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded... imports USD 203m, exports USD 94m, top source Brazil 71%
  • Iron or steel: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, forged or... imports USD 97m, exports USD 15m, top source China 95%
  • Explosives, prepared: other than propellent powders imports USD 87m, exports USD 31m, top source Russia 40%
  • Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) imports USD 54m, exports USD 25m, top source South Korea 57%
  • Boring or sinking machinery: self-propelled, n.e.c. in heading no. 8430 imports USD 92m, exports USD 66m, top source United States 45%
  • Cotton yarn: (not sewing thread), single, of combed fibres, 85% or more by... imports USD 22m, exports USD 671k, top source India 96%
  • Boring and sinking machinery: not self-propelled imports USD 27m, exports USD 10m, top source France 34%
  • Steel, alloy or non-alloy: hollow drill bars and rods imports USD 16m, exports USD 676k, top source Canada 48%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 733 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-03. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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